Mu gishushanyo mbonera cya sisitemu yumuriro wamashanyarazi, ikigereranyo cyubushobozi bwashyizweho bwa moderi yifotora nubushobozi bwagenwe bwa inverter ni DC / AC Power Ratio ，
Nibintu byingenzi byubushakashatsi. Muri "Photovoltaic Power Generation System Efficiency Standard" yasohotse muri 2012, igipimo cyubushobozi cyakozwe hakurikijwe 1: 1, ariko kubera ingaruka zumucyo nubushyuhe, modul ya fotokolta ntishobora kugera kuri imbaraga zizina umwanya munini, hamwe na inverter mubyukuri Byose birakora munsi yubushobozi bwuzuye, kandi umwanya munini uri murwego rwo guta ubushobozi.
Mubisanzwe byasohotse mu mpera z'Ukwakira 2020, igipimo cy'ubushobozi bw'amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi cyarekuwe neza, kandi igipimo ntarengwa cy’ibigize na inverteri cyageze kuri 1.8: 1.Ibipimo bishya bizongera cyane ibyifuzo byimbere mu gihugu kubice na inverters.Irashobora kugabanya ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi no kwihutisha ukuza kwigihe cya paruwasi ya foto.
Uru rupapuro ruzafata urugero rwa sisitemu yo gukwirakwiza amashanyarazi muri Shandong, kandi uyisesengure ukurikije imbaraga nyazo zisohoka za moderi zifotora, igipimo cyigihombo cyatewe no gutanga cyane, nubukungu.
01
Inzira yo gutanga birenze urugero imirasire y'izuba
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Kugeza ubu, impuzandengo irenze urugero itanga amashanyarazi y’amashanyarazi ku isi iri hagati ya 120% na 140%.Impamvu nyamukuru yo gutanga-birenze ni uko PV modules idashobora kugera ku mbaraga nziza yo hejuru mugihe gikora.Ibintu bigira ingaruka zirimo ：
1) .Ubukomezi budahagije bwimvura (imbeho)
2) .Ubushyuhe bwibidukikije
3) .Guhagarika umwanda n'umukungugu
4) .Icyerekezo cyerekana icyerekezo ntabwo ari cyiza umunsi wose (gukurikirana imirongo iri munsi yikintu)
5) .Solar module attenuation: 3% mumwaka wambere, 0.7% kumwaka nyuma
6) .Guhuza igihombo imbere no hagati yumurongo wizuba
Amashanyarazi yumunsi ya buri munsi hamwe nibipimo bitandukanye birenze urugero
Mu myaka yashize, igipimo kirenze urugero cya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque yerekanye icyerekezo cyiyongera.
Usibye impamvu zitera igihombo cya sisitemu, irushaho kugabanuka kwibiciro byibigize mumyaka yashize hamwe no kunoza ikoranabuhanga rya inverter byatumye ubwiyongere bwimibare ishobora guhuzwa, bigatuma gutanga birenze urugero mubukungu ndetse no mubukungu. Mubyongeyeho , gutanga cyane ibice bishobora kandi kugabanya ikiguzi cyamashanyarazi, bityo bikazamura igipimo cyimbere cyo kugaruka kwumushinga, bityo ubushobozi bwo kurwanya ingaruka zishoramari ryumushinga bukiyongera.
Byongeye kandi, modul zifite ingufu nyinshi zifotora zahindutse inzira nyamukuru mugutezimbere inganda zifotora kuri iki cyiciro, ibyo bikaba byongera amahirwe yo gutanga ibikoresho birenze urugero no kongera ubushobozi bwamafoto yo murugo.
Ukurikije ibintu byavuzwe haruguru, gutanga birenze urugero byabaye inzira yo gushushanya umushinga wa Photovoltaque.
02
Kubyara ingufu no gusesengura ibiciro
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Dufashe sitasiyo ya 6kW yumuriro wamashanyarazi yashowe na nyirayo nkurugero, modul ya LONGi 540W, isanzwe ikoreshwa kumasoko yagabanijwe.Biteganijwe ko impuzandengo ya 20 kWh y'amashanyarazi ishobora kubyara ku munsi, kandi ingufu z'umwaka zitanga amashanyarazi ni 7.300 kWt.
Ukurikije ibipimo byamashanyarazi yibigize, icyerekezo cyakazi cyumwanya ntarengwa ni 13A.Hitamo inzira nyamukuru inverter GoodWe GW6000-DNS-30 kumasoko.Umubare munini winjiza muriyi inverter ni 16A, ushobora guhuza nisoko ryubu.ibice bigezweho.Dufatiye ku gipimo cy’imyaka 30 cy’imirasire y’umwaka y’umutungo w’umucyo mu Mujyi wa Yantai, Intara ya Shandong, hasesenguwe sisitemu zitandukanye zifite ibipimo bitandukanye birenze urugero.
2.1 imikorere ya sisitemu
Ku ruhande rumwe, gutanga birenze urugero byongera ingufu z'amashanyarazi, ariko kurundi ruhande, kubera ubwiyongere bw'umubare w'izuba ku ruhande rwa DC, igihombo gihwanye no gutakaza imirasire y'izuba mu murongo w'izuba no gutakaza kwa DC umurongo wiyongera, nuko rero hari ubushobozi bwiza bwo kugereranya, kongerera ubushobozi sisitemu.Nyuma yo kwigana PVsyst, imikorere ya sisitemu munsi yubushobozi butandukanye bwa sisitemu ya 6kVA irashobora kuboneka.Nkuko bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe ikurikira, iyo igipimo cyubushobozi kingana na 1.1, imikorere ya sisitemu igera kuri byinshi, bivuze kandi ko igipimo cyo gukoresha ibice aricyo kinini muri iki gihe.
Sisitemu ikora neza hamwe numwaka kubyara ingufu hamwe nubushobozi butandukanye
2.2 kubyara amashanyarazi no kwinjiza
Ukurikije imikorere ya sisitemu ukurikije ibipimo bitandukanye birenze urugero hamwe nigipimo cyangirika cyama module mumyaka 20, amashanyarazi yumwaka mumashanyarazi atandukanye arashobora kuboneka.Ukurikije igiciro cy’amashanyarazi kiri kuri gride ya 0.395 yuan / kWt (igiciro cy’amashanyarazi ku makara y’amashyanyarazi muri Shandong), amafaranga y’igurisha ry’amashanyarazi buri mwaka arabaze.Ibisubizo byo kubara bigaragara mu mbonerahamwe iri hejuru.
2.3 Isesengura ryibiciro
Igiciro nicyo abakoresha imishinga yo gufotora murugo bahangayikishijwe cyane.Muri bo, modul ya fotovoltaque na inverters nibikoresho byingenzi byibikoresho, nibindi bikoresho bifasha nkibikoresho bifotora, ibikoresho byo kurinda ninsinga, hamwe nigiciro kijyanye no kwishyiriraho umushinga ubwubatsi. Mubyongeyeho, abakoresha nabo bakeneye gusuzuma ikiguzi cyo kubungabunga amashanyarazi.Impuzandengo yo kubungabunga ibiciro igera kuri 1% kugeza 3% yikiguzi cyose cyishoramari.Mubiciro byose, modul ya fotovoltaque igera kuri 50% kugeza 60%.Ukurikije ibiciro byavuzwe haruguru, igiciro cyamafoto yumuryango igiciro cyikigereranyo ni hafi nkuko bigaragara mumeza akurikira ：
Ikigereranyo cyigiciro cya sisitemu yo guturamo PV
Kubera ibipimo bitandukanye birenze urugero, ibiciro bya sisitemu nabyo bizahinduka, harimo ibice, imirongo, insinga za DC, hamwe namafaranga yo kwishyiriraho.Ukurikije imbonerahamwe yavuzwe haruguru, ikiguzi cyibipimo bitandukanye birenze urugero birashobora kubarwa, nkuko bigaragara ku gishushanyo gikurikira.
Ibiciro bya Sisitemu, Inyungu ningirakamaro munsi yikigereranyo gitandukanye
03
Isesengura ry'inyungu ziyongera
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Birashobora kugaragara duhereye ku isesengura ryavuzwe haruguru ko nubwo ingufu z'amashanyarazi n’umwaka byiyongera hamwe no kwiyongera kw'ikigereranyo kirenze urugero, igiciro cy'ishoramari nacyo kiziyongera.Mubyongeyeho, imbonerahamwe yavuzwe haruguru yerekana ko imikorere ya sisitemu yikubye inshuro 1,1 nziza iyo ihujwe.Niyo mpamvu, uhereye kubuhanga bwa tekiniki, ibiro birenga 1.1x nibyiza.
Nyamara, ukurikije abashoramari, ntibihagije gusuzuma igishushanyo cya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque duhereye kubuhanga.Birakenewe kandi gusesengura ingaruka zo kugabanwa cyane kumafaranga yishoramari duhereye mubukungu.
Ukurikije ikiguzi cyishoramari n’amashanyarazi yinjiza hakurikijwe ibipimo bitandukanye byavuzwe haruguru, igiciro cya kilowati ya sisitemu mu myaka 20 nigipimo cy’imbere y’imisoro gishobora kubarwa.
LCOE na IRR muburyo butandukanye
Nkuko bigaragara kuri iyi mibare yavuzwe haruguru, iyo igipimo cyo kugabura ubushobozi ari gito, kubyara ingufu n’amafaranga yinjira muri sisitemu yiyongera hamwe n’ikigereranyo cyo kugabana ubushobozi, kandi amafaranga yiyongereye muri iki gihe arashobora kwishyura ikiguzi cy’inyongera bitewe no kurangiza kugenwa.Iyo igipimo cyubushobozi ari kinini cyane, igipimo cyimbere cyo kugaruka kwa sisitemu kigabanuka buhoro buhoro bitewe nimpamvu nko kwiyongera gahoro gahoro kumashanyarazi igice cyongeweho no kwiyongera gutakaza umurongo.Iyo igipimo cyubushobozi ari 1.5, igipimo cyimbere cyo kugaruka IRR yishoramari rya sisitemu nini.Kubwibyo, duhereye kubukungu, 1.5: 1 nigipimo cyiza cyubushobozi kuri iyi sisitemu.
Binyuze muburyo bumwe nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, igipimo cyiza cyubushobozi bwa sisitemu mubushobozi butandukanye kibarwa uhereye kubukungu, kandi ibisubizo nibi bikurikira ：
04
Epilogue
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Ukoresheje imirasire yizuba ya Shandong, mubihe byubushobozi butandukanye, imbaraga zamafoto ya fotovoltaque isohoka igera muri inverter nyuma yo kubura irabaze.Iyo igipimo cyubushobozi ari 1.1, igihombo cya sisitemu nicyo gito, kandi igipimo cyo gukoresha ibice nicyo kinini muri iki gihe.Nyamara, ukurikije ubukungu, iyo igipimo cyubushobozi ari 1.5, amafaranga yinjira mumishinga ya fotora ni menshi cyane .Mugihe hateguwe sisitemu ya Photovoltaque, ntabwo hagomba gutekerezwa gusa igipimo cyimikoreshereze yibigize ibintu bya tekiniki, ahubwo nubukungu nurufunguzo rwo gutegura umushinga.Binyuze mu mibare yubukungu, sisitemu ya 8kW 1.3 nubukungu cyane iyo itanzwe cyane, sisitemu ya 10kW 1.2 nubukungu cyane iyo itanzwe cyane, kandi sisitemu ya 15kW 1.2 nubukungu cyane iyo itanzwe cyane .
Iyo ubwo buryo bumwe bwakoreshejwe mukubara ubukungu bwikigereranyo cyubushobozi mu nganda nubucuruzi, kubera igabanuka ryibiciro kuri watt ya sisitemu, igipimo cyubushobozi bwiza mubukungu kizaba kinini.Mubyongeyeho, kubera impamvu zamasoko, igiciro cya sisitemu ya Photovoltaque nayo izatandukana cyane, bizanagira ingaruka cyane kubara kubipimo byubushobozi bwiza.Iyi ni nayo mpamvu y'ibanze yatumye ibihugu bitandukanye bisohora imbogamizi ku gipimo cy’ubushobozi bwa sisitemu yo gufotora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-28-2022