Mu nganda zifotora, perovskite ikenewe cyane mumyaka yashize. Impamvu yatumye igaragara nk '“igikundwa” mu bijyanye n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba biterwa n'imiterere yihariye. Kalisiyumu ya titanium ifite ibintu byinshi byiza bifotora, uburyo bworoshye bwo gutegura, hamwe nibikoresho byinshi kandi birimo ibintu byinshi. Mubyongeyeho, perovskite irashobora kandi gukoreshwa mumashanyarazi yubutaka, indege, ubwubatsi, ibikoresho bishobora kubyara amashanyarazi hamwe nindi mirima myinshi.
Ku ya 21 Werurwe, Ningde Times yasabye ipatanti ya “calcium titanite selile izuba hamwe nuburyo bwo kuyitegura nibikoresho byingufu”. Mu myaka yashize, ku nkunga ya politiki n’ingamba z’imbere mu gihugu, inganda z’amabuye ya calcium-titanium, ihagarariwe n’izuba ry’izuba rya calcium-titanium, yateye intambwe nini. None perovskite ni iki? Nigute inganda za perovskite? Ni izihe ngorane zikiriho? Ubumenyi n'Ikoranabuhanga Umunyamakuru wa buri munsi yabajije impuguke zibishinzwe.
Perovskite ntabwo ari calcium cyangwa titanium.
Ibyo bita perovskite ntabwo ari calcium cyangwa titanium, ahubwo ni ijambo rusange ryicyiciro cya "ceramic oxyde" gifite imiterere imwe ya kirisiti, hamwe na formule ya ABX3. Ikigereranyo cya “radiyo nini”, B kuri “cation cation” na X kuri “halogen anion”. Ikigereranyo cya “radiyo nini ya cation”, B bisobanura “icyuma cation” na X bisobanura “halogen anion”. Izi ion eshatu zirashobora kwerekana ibintu byinshi bitangaje byumubiri binyuze mugutondekanya ibintu bitandukanye cyangwa muguhindura intera iri hagati yabyo, harimo ariko ntibigarukira gusa kubitera, ferroelectricity, antifirromagnetism, ingaruka zikomeye za magneti, nibindi.
Ati: “Ukurikije ibice bigize ibikoresho, perovskite irashobora kugabanywa mu byiciro bitatu: okiside igoye ya okiside perovskite, ibinyabuzima bivangwa n’ibinyabuzima bivangwa na perovskite.” Luo Jingshan, umwarimu w’ishuri rikuru rya kaminuza rya Nankai ryigisha amakuru ya elegitoroniki n’ubuhanga bw’amashanyarazi, yatangaje ko calcium titanite ikoreshwa muri foto y’amashusho ubusanzwe ari ebyiri za nyuma.
perovskite irashobora gukoreshwa mubice byinshi nk'amashanyarazi yo ku isi, icyogajuru, ubwubatsi, hamwe n'ibikoresho bishobora kubyara amashanyarazi. Muri byo, umurima wa Photovoltaque nigice nyamukuru cyo gusaba cya perovskite. Kalisiyumu titanite yubatswe irashushanya cyane kandi ifite imikorere myiza ya Photovoltaque, nicyerekezo cyubushakashatsi buzwi mubijyanye na Photovoltaque mumyaka yashize.
Inganda za perovskite zirihuta, kandi inganda zo murugo zirahatanira imiterere. Biravugwa ko ibice 5000 byambere bya calcium titanium ore modules yoherejwe muri Hangzhou Fina Photoelectric Technology Co., Ltd; Renshuo Photovoltaic (Suzhou) Co., Ltd. nayo yihutisha iyubakwa ry’imyubakire nini ya MW 150 ya calcium yuzuye ya calcium titanium ore yamenetse; Kunshan GCL Photoelectric Materials Co. Ltd.
Kalisiyumu ya titanium ifite ibyiza bigaragara mu nganda zifotora
Mu nganda zifotora, perovskite ikenewe cyane mumyaka yashize. Impamvu yatumye igaragara nk '“igikundwa” mu bijyanye n'ingirabuzimafatizo z'izuba biterwa n'imiterere yihariye.
"Ubwa mbere, perovskite ifite ibintu byinshi byiza bya optoelectronic, nk'ikinyuranyo cya bande ishobora guhinduka, coeffisente yo kwinjiza cyane, ingufu za moteri zidasanzwe, guhuza umuvuduko mwinshi, kwihanganira inenge, n'ibindi.; icya kabiri, gahunda yo gutegura perovskite iroroshye kandi irashobora kugera ku mucyo, ultra-yoroheje, ultra-thinness, flexible, n'ibindi. Hanyuma, ibikoresho fatizo bya perovskite birahari kandi ni byinshi. ” Luo Jingshan yerekanye. Kandi gutegura perovskite nabyo bisaba ubuziranenge buke bwibikoresho fatizo.
Kugeza ubu, umurima wa PV ukoresha umubare munini w’izuba rishingiye kuri silicon, rishobora kugabanywamo silicon monocrystalline, silicon polycrystalline, hamwe nizuba rya amorphous silicon. Ihinduramiterere ryamafoto yerekana amashanyarazi ya selile ya silicon ya 29.4%, naho laboratoire ya laboratoire irashobora kugera kuri 26.7% ntarengwa, yegereye igisenge cyo guhinduka; birateganijwe ko inyungu zanyuma ziterambere ryikoranabuhanga nazo zizaba nto kandi nto. Ibinyuranye, imikorere ya Photovoltaque yingirabuzimafatizo ya perovskite ifite urwego rwo hejuru rufite agaciro ka 33%, kandi niba selile ebyiri za perovskite zegeranye hamwe hamwe hamwe, uburyo bwo guhindura ibitekerezo bushobora kugera kuri 45%.
Usibye "gukora neza", ikindi kintu cyingenzi ni "ikiguzi". Kurugero, impamvu ituma igiciro cyibisekuru cya mbere cya bateri ya firime yoroheje idashobora kumanuka ni uko ububiko bwa kadmium na gallium, ari ibintu bidasanzwe ku isi, ari bito cyane, kandi kubwibyo, niko iterambere ryateye imbere mu nganda ni, uko bisabwa cyane, nigiciro cyumusaruro mwinshi, kandi ntabwo yigeze ibasha kuba ibicuruzwa byingenzi. Ibikoresho fatizo bya perovskite bikwirakwizwa ku isi, kandi igiciro nacyo gihenze cyane.
Byongeye kandi, umubyimba wamabuye ya calcium-titanium utwikiriye amabuye ya calcium-titanium ni batometero magana abiri gusa, hafi 1/500 cya waferi ya silicon, bivuze ko gukenera ibikoresho ari bike cyane. Kurugero, muri iki gihe isi yose ikenera ibikoresho bya silikoni ya selile ya silisiyonike ni toni 500.000 ku mwaka, kandi niba zose zisimbuwe na selile perovskite, hazakenerwa toni 1.000 gusa za perovskite.
Kubijyanye nigiciro cyo gukora, selile silicon silisile isukura silicon kugeza kuri 99,9999%, bityo silikoni igomba gushyuha kugeza kuri dogere selisiyusi 1400, gushonga mumazi, gushushanyirizwa mu nkoni no kuzenguruka, hanyuma igateranirizwa mu tugari, byibuze inganda enye na ebyiri kugeza ku minsi itatu hagati, no gukoresha ingufu nyinshi. Ibinyuranye, kugirango habeho umusaruro wa selile perovskite, birakenewe gusa gushira perovskite yibanze ya substrate hanyuma ugategereza kristu. Inzira yose irimo ibirahuri, firime ifata, perovskite nibikoresho bya shimi, kandi birashobora kurangizwa muruganda rumwe, kandi inzira yose itwara iminota 45 gusa.
Ati: "Imirasire y'izuba yateguwe na perovskite ifite uburyo bwiza bwo guhindura amashanyarazi, bugeze kuri 25.7% muri iki cyiciro, kandi birashobora gusimbuza imirasire y'izuba gakondo ishingiye kuri silikoni mu gihe kiri imbere kugira ngo ibe isoko rusange y'ubucuruzi." Luo Jingshan ati.
Hano haribibazo bitatu byingenzi bigomba gukemurwa kugirango biteze imbere inganda
Mu guteza imbere inganda za chalcocite, abantu baracyakeneye gukemura ibibazo 3, aribyo guhagarara igihe kirekire kwa chalcocite, gutegura ahantu hanini hamwe nuburozi bwa gurş.
Ubwa mbere, perovskite yunvikana cyane kubidukikije, kandi ibintu nkubushyuhe, ubushuhe, urumuri, nuburemere bwumuzunguruko birashobora gutuma habaho kwangirika kwa perovskite no kugabanya imikorere ya selile. Kugeza ubu modul nyinshi za laboratoire ya perovskite ntabwo yujuje ubuziranenge mpuzamahanga bwa IEC 61215 kubicuruzwa bifotora, cyangwa ntibigera mu myaka 10-20 yubuzima bwizuba ryizuba rya silicon, kubwibyo igiciro cya perovskite ntikiri cyiza mubice gakondo bifotora. Byongeye kandi, uburyo bwo gutesha agaciro perovskite nibikoresho byayo biragoye cyane, kandi nta gusobanukirwa neza kwimikorere murwego, ntanubwo hariho ibipimo bihuriweho bihuriweho, bibangamira ubushakashatsi butajegajega.
Ikindi kibazo gikomeye nuburyo bwo kubitegura kurwego runini. Kugeza ubu, iyo ubushakashatsi bwogukoresha ibikoresho bukozwe muri laboratoire, ahantu heza h'ibikoresho byakoreshejwe usanga munsi ya cm2, kandi iyo bigeze ku cyiciro cyo gusaba ubucuruzi cyibice binini, uburyo bwo gutegura laboratoire bugomba kunozwa. cyangwa yasimbuwe. Uburyo nyamukuru bukoreshwa muburyo bwo gutegura firime nini ya perovskite nuburyo bwo gukemura nuburyo bwo guhumeka. Muburyo bwo gukemura, kwibanda hamwe nikigereranyo cyibisubizo byabanjirije, ubwoko bwa solvent, nigihe cyo kubika bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere ya firime ya perovskite. Uburyo bwa Vacuum evaporation butegura ubuziranenge bwiza kandi bushobora kugenzurwa na firime ya perovskite, ariko nanone biragoye kugera kubufatanye bwiza hagati yababanjirije na substrate. Byongeye kandi, kubera ko ubwikorezi bwo gutwara ibicuruzwa bya perovskite nabwo bugomba gutegurwa ahantu hanini, hagomba gushyirwaho umurongo w’umusaruro ufite ubudahwema bwa buri cyiciro. Muri rusange, inzira yo gutegura ahantu hanini hategurwa firime yoroheje ya perovskite iracyakeneye kurushaho kunozwa.
Hanyuma, uburozi bwa gurşiyo nabwo ni ikibazo gihangayikishije. Mugihe cyo gusaza kwibikoresho bigezweho bya perovskite, perovskite izabora kugirango ibone ion yubusa yubusa hamwe na monomers ziyobora, ibyo bikaba byangiza ubuzima nibimara kwinjira mumubiri wumuntu.
Luo Jingshan yizera ko ibibazo nko gutuza bishobora gukemurwa no gupakira ibikoresho. Ati: "Niba mu gihe kiri imbere, ibyo bibazo byombi byakemutse, hari kandi inzira yo kwitegura ikuze, irashobora kandi gukora ibikoresho bya perovskite mu kirahure cyoroshye cyangwa gukora hejuru y’inyubako kugira ngo bigere ku nyubako y’amafoto, cyangwa bikozwe mu bikoresho byoroshye biguruka mu kirere kandi indi mirima, ku buryo perovskite mu kirere idafite amazi na ogisijeni kugira uruhare runini. ” Luo Jingshan yizeye ejo hazaza ha perovskite.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Apr-15-2023